Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a way of expressing what someone else has said without quoting their exact words. Instead of using the speaker's original words (direct speech), reported speech typically paraphrases or summarizes the original message. For example: Direct Speech : He said, "I am going to the store." Reported Speech : He said that he was going to the store. Key characteristics of reported speech include changes in pronouns, verb tenses, and sometimes other words (like time expressions) to fit the context of the reporting. When converting direct speech into reported speech, several rules must be followed to ensure that the meaning is accurately conveyed. Here are the key rules: 1. Change of Pronouns Pronouns often need to be changed to match the perspective of the person reporting the speech. Example: Direct: She said, "I am tired." Reported: She said that she was tired. 2. Change of Tense: The tense in reported speech usually sh...